Gender Differences in Communication | Essay

Gender Differences in Communication EssayFor man strength and wo custody, colloquy fuck be a very long drive, using different roads of ten dollar bill to chafe to the same place. Men and wowork force differ in many trends. They view the conception done different lens. One of those differences is that they have different styles of communicating with peeled(prenominal)s. Wowork force be said to have expressive characteristics and men instrumental characteristics. There ar parcel erupt of factors on which depend the way integrity communicate, such as where people are from, where they have been brought up, their educational background, their age and it surely depends on their gender.Communication is cognize as to be a two-way process involving individuals trying to seek mutual understanding. It does non involve only the process of exchanging training, news, ideas and feelings, further as well helps to produce and share meaning. It gener totallyy connects people or places in society. In an organization, communication is an essential key function for the eradicatement of individual it bathnot operate effectively if on that point is no communication betwixt the take aims, departments and employees.Gender is an primary(prenominal) factor that creates a gap between males and females. Gender refers to the stances, feelings and behavior that a given cultivation associates with ones biological sex. Men and women know nigh the gender roles they have to adopt at a very early age. Most women and many men communicate differently and adopt different speech skills according to the situation they are facing, the subroutines and the roles they have in society and at work. Gender differences emerge from two social and professional settings.Within an organization, gender is an important factor influencing communication. These gender differences in communication are often revealed during conflict, or even serve as a cataclysm for conflict. However, i t is not only a threat to society and installs non-understanding at work. Those gender differences tycoon benefit the whole society as healthy as the organization.The importance of communication maybe noticed in everyday life, for instance, a little connection can have a large bear on and influence in one whole life. Communication problems can make a working environment unpleasant, uncomfortable and unproductive. The origin of conflicts that aro make use of can come out from anything such as personal focusing styles, educational background to personality conflicts and cultural differences.In the book, Men are from Mars and Women from Venus, John Gray(2004) wrote Men mistakenly expect women to think, communicate, and react the way men do women mistakenly expect men to feel, communicate and respond the way women do. People tend to forget that men and women are supposed to be different. As a result the relationship between men and women is filled with unnecessary friction and conf lict. He goes on facial expression that men and women are so different in their approaches to communication that they might come from different planet. They do not have similar goals, look ats and value in their communication styles. One of import difference he has highlighted is that men are goal-oriented they define their sense of self through their ability to achieve results. On the opposite hand, women are relationship-oriented as they define their sense of self by their feelings and by the quality of their relationship.Males grow up learning or so essential elements considered as being the center of masculinity, such as not being female, be achievementful, be aggressive, be sexual, be self-reliant, embody and transcend traditional views of masculinity (Wood, 2011). On the other hand, females are taught that appearance is important, showing sensitivity and care is a must, and that they should also expect negative treatment from others, superwoman abilities are anticipated and there is no single meaning of feminine. Wood believes that through communication with others, we come to understand how society defines masculinity and feminity.Both men and women differ in the way they manage people and give orders. Many well-respected studies have shown that women have the tendency to soften their demands and statements, as compared to men who tend to be to a greater extent direct. Women for example, use tag lines, phrases identical dont you think preceding the presentation of an idea, if you dont mind following a demand or this may be a crazy idea, but followed by a suggestion, trying to make their opinions and ideas be accepted and unsounded by others.Most women are conditioned by culture to maintain harmonious relationships with others. That condition is revealed in softened demands, constrained statements and a generally more than than tentative or want confidence speech. In some circumstances, women tend to have direct conversation like men. This do es not mean that the person is arrogant, bossy or feels superior compared to others but these are nothing more than learned ways of communicating.Another difference that has been brought up when talking about gender communication between men and women is that women most of the time ask more questions as compared to men. Asking questions have different meanings when it comes to gender differences. Men ask questions for only one reason to gather culture. For women, asking questions have purposes to gather information, but as it can be noticed, women will also ask questions when they already know the answer. The reason behind this is that they want to seek interest in what the other person has said to cultivate the relationship.The managing styles and the ways of asking questions bring up fundamental matters about womens role in the workplace. There is nothing premature in having different ways of communicating. Men have the perfect right to be more direct and ask fewer questions, wh ile women and some men are simply more at ease with a softer style of communicating. The problems and conflicts indeed can emerge when those differences lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretations, which can sooner or later disrupt teamwork and even ruin someones opportunities for upward mobility.People should try to understand individually other way of communicating and incident way of turn toing in order to build better mixed gender teams. Someone may be crude. This does not mean that the person is cold, separated or uninvolved. On the other hand, a more tentative approach does not necessarily indicate a sign of languidness, fear or leave out of confidence. People communicate the way they do, because they are taught to do so since the very beginning of their childhood. What really matters is that men and women give each other a chance, that they get to know what lies behind the communication style, and most important, that they resist the urge to jump to premature concl usions about the meaning of particular style.There are two main ways of studying gender differences in communication styles the academic research and popular books. Men and women differ psychologically in the way they act, from the style in which they communicate, to the way in which they attempt to influence others.The most obvious difference between men and women ways of communication comes to the fact that men and women view the use of conversation differently. Academic research on psychological gender differences has proved that women use language to promote social connections and create relationships, men use communication as a means to bring to bear dominance and achieve tangible goals. This is such as women are, overall, more expressive, tentative, and polite in conversation, while men are more assertive, and power hungry. (Basow Rubenfield, 2003)Popular works by John Gray and Deborah Tannen show that while men view conversations as a way of establishing and maintaining vi ew and superiority in conversation, women see that the motivation behind communication is to create and foster an intimate bond with the other party by talking about tropical problems and issues they are communally facing. (Gray, 1990. Tannen, 1990)Other academic research stated that women are less used to powerful speech. They tend to swear less, speak more politely, and use more tag questions and intensifiers. (Lakoff, 1975) Women tend also to interrupt less than men do. Researchers have concluded that maybe it is because of their perceived lower status compared to men. (Thorne Henley, 1975) This can also be because of the societal norms which enforce this gender status hierarchy. Pearson, 1985 also bring up the fact that women often weaken their statements. One chronicle he gave for this is their low self-confidence in what they are saying and their fear of being wrong, which can be associated to their perceived inferior status to male managers in the workplace.Some theorists ha ve given their point of view on the gender communication differences. They have suggested that these styles of communicating put are disadvantageous for women when they interact with others. The partitioning in communication occurs because men and women occupy different roles in society. Social roles are reflected through language and demonstrate unequal relations based on gender. The mans language is discriminatory toward women and this leaves the impression that men are more capable and confident as leaders. (Lakoff, 1975)Gender communication difference is a worldwide issue. Communication between men and women differ in many ways, affecting their speech and outcomes.In Japan, men and women have different ways of communicating. Women in Japan speak more politely as compared to men. The Japanese language features elements that make womens speech sound polite and feminine. In the meanwhile, mens speech sound less polite and masculine. The language difference between genders reinforc es Japanese social norms. Where women are the subordinates of men.In England modern society, it would therefore appear that womenare equal with men. However the harsh reality tells us that women are not provided with an equal opportunity even for discussion, due to the fact that the two sexes respectively tender different communication styles. In other words, the language women use is different from the one that men use. Tabooed words and slang can be found more frequently in mens language than in womens though they are of the same educational level. For example, Get a life, Facts be goddam. Men and women have been socialized within their gender roles since the very beginning of childhood. The educational level does not determined the communication styles of both men and women.ICT work out chastisement And Success FactorsICT learn Failure And Success FactorsThe monthly news papers announce the ICT upchuck are developed, nonstarters of astronomical proportions in developed and evolution countries. For unsuccessful person of the pop the question the common reasons are delay in deadline, cost overburden, and some of the renders will not reach the expectation levels.In developing countries the ICT literature shows that the planning and management of projects has a very low-down record, the issues for failure of ICT projects can be analyzed by assuming that learning from IS failures will provide the important lessons for formulating the success plan for the planning, developing, implementation and management of information system While discussing dimensions of ICT failure, both horizontal and vertical dimensions of the informatics model considers by Beynon-Davies. The difference between development failure and use failure is expressed in terms of horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension expressed the failure at the level of ICT systems, IS project, or organisation, or at the level of the external environment. There are six types of IS failure are Identified listed belowTechnical failureProject failureOrganizational failureEnvironmental failureDevelopmental failureUse failureBeynon-Davies supports the argument with several episode studies and quotes other models for IS failureFactors for failureThe failure factors will occur when the victorian implementation of ICT projects in government. These factors can be barrier or inhibitors by these factors as observed in this office can be social-culture, institutional and political, funding, infrastructure and technology.Barriers can be considered as those occurrences that hinder ICT implementation some of those factors for failureInfrastructureFinancePoor data system and lack of compatibilitySkilled personnelLeadership style, cultureAttitudesInhibitors do not necessarily prevent the implementation of the ICT projects but they do prevent furtherance and restrict successful implementation and sustainability. Some of these factors for failures drug exploiter needstechnologycoord inationICT policy enthral of ICT idolisersDonor pushThose above factors are used for the purpose of propose a theoretical framework (ref 1)Partial failure of an idea, in which main objectives are unattained or in which there are profound unenviable outcomes. Connected with partial failure is the sustainability failure where a project first succeeds but is then abandoned after a year or so.Sustainability Failure Model (partial failure)This model provides a better structure for examining sustainability longitudinally. There is five principal consist of sustainability failures, they are listed belowFinancial/economic sustainability failures model if the client supported program loses its funding after some fixed time of process and has to shutdown.Cultural/social sustainability failuresExample from the project some stakeholders will receive but others are hurt. This tension is not reasonable over time and results in the subsequent sustainability failure.Technological sustainabili ty failureExample The field hardware and bundle are outdated and no longer companionable with the equipment within the central offices. These also look at the importance of the content provided.Political failureExample the topical anesthetic winner leaves and without larger institutional ar chainments in place the project fails.Environmental sustainability failureExample if the project will lose their usefulness then the project plan could be reusable, if the projects without plans for reusing then the environmental sustainability failure..Critical Success and Critical Failure Factor ModelThe CSF and CFF model will beg off success or failure of an ICT projects can be understand in terms of several CSF and CFF factors. Ten critical factors can be organized listed below entropy factors relating to provision of contentTechnical factors such as user-friendliness of hardware and software, the capacity of use different hardware and software platforms, etcPeople factors such as accessi bility of knowledge persons, proper guidance in use of hardware and software, etcManagement factors, such as proper administration and organizational practices for bringing the required modifications through ICT projectsProcess factors, such as desired changes or to make the project successful in reaching its objectives a new process will designCultural factors, such as improvement in organizational culture for successful implementation of new projectsStructural factors, such as structural inflexibility in traditional organizational structures that may be a cause for failure of ICT projectsStrategic factors, such as assessments that cover a wide range of redevelopmentsPolitical factors, such as political and stakeholders supportEnvironmental factors, such as changes in the overall external environment of the projectThe ten critical factors categories into seven critical dimensions they are Technology, Information, Processes, Objectives and values, Staffing and skills, Management a nd structures, and other resources. This framework requirement consider the gaps that exist in the design of the project and the authenticity on these seven dimensions (ref 2)CASE STYDY Gyandoot projectThe Gyandoot project started in the year 2000, the government of Madhya Pradesh initiates this project. The aim of the project is to set up intranet based kiosk in villages to providing information about the agricultural practices and update the market prices and also providing some Government services like cast and income certificates online diligence, land records copies, and online systems to know about the computer sentience and access all this services.This project is failed to reach its goal and the user usage is low.Reasons for the failure of the projectThe back end processes is not computerizedIn the artless areas lack of supporting ICT infrastructure,In proper plans for better services deliveryFinancial problems for the owned kiosksLack of relevant content criticalLack of Computerization of the back-end processesThe Gyandoot project has computerized only front-end but not the back end. The management is not yet successful in the electronically transmitting the services request to all departments from its intranet server. near all transaction are handled manually at the back end of the Gyandoot intranet server, because all govt departments currently perform their tasks manuallyExample The citizen will submit the online application and waiting at telekisok for a answer, but at the back end the government department levels are not computerised so they will print out the application or request or complaints and send to the government department to further action, after receiving report from the govt departments the data entry operators will enter the response in the gyandoot intranet. For this process the time frame is seven daysTo make better and focal ratio service response time, the all departments required to undertake the significant changes ree ngineering exercise to improve the information process methods and quality of services, that will possible when all departments introduce the computers in the different departments levels. The gyandoot smaiti have the authority and financial power to change the individual departments the authority exists only with the state government (ref 3)Lack of supporting ICT infrastructure in the villagesIntroducing E-government project in any poor rural area it is a huge challenge of the technology point of view. Presently there is lack of supporting infrastructure available for Soochnalaya as all of the Soochanalayas (Kiosk) are in villages. In the Dhr dominion the Tele-communication infrastructure is quite low and telekisoks are unable to provide the voice services and electric power cut is less, the systems and kiosks are working with the help of the UPS which having battery and the capacity to work four hours if it is charged fully. It takes eight to ten hours to charge but most of the villages current cut will break down every three or four hours. A number of technical approaches to provide the basic network were initially evaluated. Gyandoot jilted both local area network and VAST approaches as being too costly and using dial-up network using modems over existing telephone lines which is not speed and many times the connection will break down in between a process. And the process will get delay due to weak connectivity, that connection was found to be unreliable and many kiosks are suffering huge problems of connecting to the intranet server (ref 4)Lack of relevant content is criticalThe farmers are getting liberation for not updating the market prices and they are selling the outdated prices and the number of services offers by kiosk but only some of them are using, the information should be in local language then the user can easily understand, and the user can visit Soochanalaya to know the update information about the agriculture, and market price etc, i f the content is in local language then the women can understand the information about the healthcare and childcare and to increase the usage of SoochanalayaIssuesThe kiosks made up with low investment because infrastructure bottlenecks, and the slow network is using which is dialup connectivity and not stable power supply at to the lowest degree 6- 8 hours power supply will be cut so for working the kiosks added additional power backup, the availability of electrical power determines the times during which the soochanalaya can be opened.Encourage the privately owned kiosk owner to offer other services like computer training, photocopying and public telephone to cover the loss of revenue, so that the owner can focus on other services.In Dhar district the ken of the gyandoot still quite low level among the villagers, curiously the poor and labours, in spite of significant media attention and publicity in Dhar district, the 60% of the non-users did not use gyandoot because they thi ng that no need, and 35% of people are not aware about the services offered by gyandoot and 5% of citizen have negative impression about the gyandoot.Even though grievance filing has been structured through a list of options, many complaints are sent using the e-mail facility in local languages, which make them difficult or impossible to address.Transfer of senior staffs the main key factors of the project is the initial team of the project and the team of the district officer has conceived the plan and implemented it and they know the total project but once the government official is getting transferred and the new members will come and takes a time to understand the project (process) and slowly reverted to their unresponsive attitude to citizens. (ref 5)The govt of MP could be including these techniques to make project success (in my opinion)May it is possibly to judge the viability of the gyandoot system, it take some time in the rural areas. To building awareness about the proje ct and the usage of the ICT application in rural areas may take more time than expected by the project team. This holds true especially when the value proposition for the citizen is weak as in the case of gyandoot project in which one part of the entire process is computerized,To provide speed service, the district level department need to computerize and significantly reengineering in terms of having built up software application that processes and monitors the progress of applications or complaints received. The roles and responsibilities of government officers need to be clearly divided. In each department, IT enthusiasts could be recognized who could be in charge for a complete end-to-end delivery of a service to the citizen.In the Gyandoot project the dial-up telephone lines is using to connect the gyanddot intranet and district head quarters, which is slow process and interrupt in between the process. If wifi or LAN will use in the place of dial-up telephone lines then the pro ject might be success in speed delivery, update information,The women user is not visiting the gyandoot soochanalaya, but some services will very useful to women like healthcare and childcare, few experiment have to designed to get along them to visit the kiosk.Example there is an online contest of finding the healthiest child, so the mother bring the children of one to three years of age to the kiosks and provide all relevant data online to district headquarters, the selection was made from the basic data received from all the kiosks and result will announce in the kiosk intranet.My opinion about the gyandoot project failedThis factors might be reasons for failure of gyandoot projectLiteracyThe literacy percentage in INDIA is low especially in rural areas the literacy percentage is very low this might be a reason for the ICT project failures, and the citizen have no idea about the services provided by the projects like in the case of the Gyandoot project in Dhar district, in Dhar district the literacy rate is very low and the people dont know about the services offered by the Gyandoot Soochanalaya.Womens (users and soochak)This could be a reason for the Gyandoot project failure, not encouraging womens to work as Soochak(manage person), because there is a some useful services for womens like healthcare, childcare, etc if the manage person is women then she can draw the user(womens) and condone about the services that offered by Gyandoot SoochanalayaTrustTrust is one of the social concept that helps the service centres (soochanalaya), the service provider and user need to trust each other, to develop the user trust the Soochanalaya need to provide speed service and update information and also provide some free services to attract the user and develop the user trust. In the gyandoot project the user trust is low because delay in work, not updating market prices, etcManagementThe management should maintain the Soochanalaya, and update the information up to dat e, if any new service is included in gyandoot then the management have to arrange the meeting with soochak and explain about the service, so that soochak can inform to user about the service and benefits. In the case of gyandoot project the management has failed to update the information up to date. (Market prices has not updated on up to date for that framers getting loss with selling old price)Staff and skillThe staff should be well trained about the IT and uses of the technology, so that they can provide good service and trained the rural people to aware about the computer and technology, so that they can easily use all services which are available on internet. The govt official the staff changes then appoint the trained staff to easily understand the projects. But in the case of gyandoot project in place of old district officer appoint a new district officers, and he/she had took a good time to understood the whole process and delay in the service providing to citizenLanguage th e literacy is poor in the rural areas and some citizen can read only in the local language, and in the rural areas people are unaware about the internet and its uses, and the internet is dominated by the English language this also a reasons for the ICT projects failures in rural areas.Communication the communication gap between the employees and users might be a reason for project failure,Example the employs have to communicate with each other so that they can develop the knowledge and skills, if the employs have good communication with government departments then the services will speed and with the communication only we can develop the trust and explain about the services available in the project so the usage of the services will increase.ConclusionThe number of ICT project failure in developed and developing countries, and it is not possible to judge the project is success/failure on the basic factors like technical, organizational, etc. If the user satisfies the services provide d from the project and its usage always helps the project to move towards success, some project are completed within the time and budget but failure to reach the objective (goals) or the project is completed within the time and budget and reach it all requirements but, lack adaptability at the present condition this is also one reason for the project failureTo develop a successful project the Project Manager should have a clear vision and proper planning. And the developing part of the project should be clear (means easily understand the process) if the client requested to merging with new technologies then reusing the developed plans and add the new technologies softwares, and no one can judge the IT project is success or failure It depends upon the end user satisfaction. Like in the gyandoot project, the project completed in time and on budget but the user usage is quite low, and the users are not satisfied with services.